Purchasing a home is one of the most significant financial and emotional milestones of your life. However, navigating the real estate market is increasingly complex. According to recent data from the National Association of Realtors (NAR), first-time buyers make up just 21% of the market—an all-time low driven by tight inventory, high home prices, and shifting interest rates. Furthermore, the median down payment for first-time buyers has risen to 10%.
If you are entering this landscape for the first time, the closing process can feel both daunting and exciting. While your real estate agent will guide you, understanding the sequence of events is crucial to a successful purchase.
Because South Carolina has unique legal mandates for real estate transactions, you cannot rely on generic national advice. In the Palmetto State, the legal framework is designed to protect all parties, but it requires strict adherence to local statutes. Here is the updated, comprehensive, step-by-step chronological guide to closing on a home in South Carolina in 2026.
1. Sign a Buyer Representation Agreement
Before you start looking at homes, you must partner with a licensed real estate agent. Following the landmark NAR settlement, standard practices in 2026 dictate that you must sign a written Buyer Representation Agreement before touring any properties—whether in-person or virtually.
This is not just a formality; it is a federal and state regulatory requirement. Under South Carolina law, specifically S.C. Code Ann. § 40-57-350(E)(1), a buyer’s agent must perform the duties of a written brokerage agreement. No agency relationship may be assumed or created orally. The agreement clearly outlines:
- The exact services your broker will provide.
- The broker’s compensation rate (which must be a clearly defined percentage or flat fee, not an open-ended number).
- How that compensation will be paid (e.g., whether you will cover it directly, ask the seller to pay it via concessions, or use a combination of both).
Pro-Tip for 2026: Do not sign this agreement blindly. Ensure you negotiate terms that align with your budget and clarify what happens if you find a home where the seller is not offering a buyer-agent commission.
2. Get Pre-Approval for Your Mortgage
Before falling in love with a property, you need to know exactly what you can afford. A pre-approval letter from a reputable lender shows sellers you are a serious buyer with verified purchasing power.
To obtain a pre-approval, your lender will conduct a rigorous evaluation of your financial history. You will need to provide:
- Tax returns from the past two years.
- Recent W-2 forms and pay stubs.
- Bank statements showing your assets and down payment funds.
- A hard pull of your credit score.
In a competitive market like South Carolina, having your pre-approval ready is often the difference between an accepted offer and a missed opportunity. It sets your maximum budget and ensures you do not waste time viewing properties outside your financial reach.
3. Partner with a South Carolina Real Estate Attorney
Unlike many states that use independent, non-attorney title or escrow companies, South Carolina is strictly an “attorney closing state.” Under state supreme court rulings, a licensed South Carolina real estate attorney must oversee the transaction, perform the title search, and conduct the closing.
It is best to choose your closing attorney early in the process—ideally as soon as you have your pre-approval. Your attorney will:
- Review the purchase offer and contract before you sign it to ensure your legal rights are protected.
- Receive and secure your earnest money deposit.
- Coordinate with your lender to assemble closing documents.
- Act as the neutral clearinghouse for all funds.
Choosing a local attorney who knows the county-level registry rules where you are buying is highly advantageous.
4. Lock in Your Interest Rate
With the fluctuating interest rate environment of 2026, securing a predictable monthly payment is vital. Once you have a specific property under contract, work with your lender to lock in your interest rate.
Rate locks typically last 30 to 60 days. This lock protects you from sudden upward market spikes while your loan goes through underwriting.
- What if rates drop? Ask your lender about a “float-down option,” which allows you to take advantage of lower rates if they drop significantly during your escrow period.
- What if the lock expires? If your closing is delayed past the lock expiration date, you may have to pay fee extensions to maintain your locked rate, making a timely closing crucial.
5. Open an Escrow Account
Once your offer is accepted, you must submit “earnest money” (typically 1% to 2% of the purchase price) to prove your commitment to the deal. These funds, along with all crucial transaction documents, will be held in a neutral escrow account—typically managed by your closing attorney or the buyer’s brokerage—until the day of closing.
The management of real estate trust funds in South Carolina is strictly regulated under S.C. Code Ann. § 40-57-135, which mandates that earnest money must be deposited in a designated, interest-free trust account and held securely until the transaction is closed or terminated by mutual written agreement of the parties.
The escrow holder acts as an impartial third party. They ensure that neither the buyer nor the seller can access or manipulate the funds without mutual written consent or a completed transaction. If the deal goes through, this money is credited directly toward your down payment and closing costs.
6. Perform a Title Search and Secure Title Insurance
Your South Carolina closing attorney will conduct a thorough title search, looking back through the property’s history (typically 30 to 40 years) to ensure there are no unresolved issues. They will look for:
- Unpaid property taxes or utility bills.
- Unresolved contractor liens (mechanic’s liens).
- Easements or boundary disputes.
- Heir property issues or undisclosed co-owners.
To protect your investment against any hidden issues that a physical search might miss, you will purchase Title Insurance. There are two types:
- Lender’s Policy: Required by your mortgage company to protect their financial interest in the property.
- Owner’s Policy: Highly recommended for you, the buyer. This one-time premium protects your equity and legal ownership of the home for as long as you or your heirs own it.
7. Order a Professional Home Inspection
A general home inspection is your opportunity to evaluate the home’s physical condition. A certified inspector will spend several hours examining:
- Structural integrity (foundation, framing, crawlspace).
- Major systems (HVAC, electrical panel, plumbing lines).
- Roofing materials and flashing.
- Appliance functionality.
In South Carolina, standard contracts feature a Due Diligence period. If the inspector finds major structural or safety issues, you can use this window to:
- Negotiate a lower sale price.
- Ask the seller to repair the issues before closing.
- Request seller concessions to cover the cost of repairs after closing.
- Back out of the contract entirely and receive your earnest money back safely.
8. Obtain a CL-100 Wood Infestation Report
In South Carolina, a standard pest inspection is much more detailed than in other states due to the warm, humid climate. You will need to obtain an official South Carolina Wood Infestation Report, universally known as a CL-100 letter.
This report is a regulatory requirement under the South Carolina Pesticide Control Act, codified at S.C. Code Ann. § 46-13-10, and is explicitly governed by Clemson University’s Department of Pesticide Regulation under S.C. Code of Regulations § 27-1085.
The CL-100 report must be completed within 30 days of closing by a licensed, certified commercial applicator. The inspector will physically inspect the home (especially the crawlspace) to check for:
- Active termites or other wood-destroying insects (like powderpost beetles).
- Evidence of past termite infestations or prior termite treatments.
- Wood rot and decay fungi (often called “wet rot”).
- High moisture readings in the crawlspace subfloor are exceeding 20%.
If the CL-100 is not “clear,” the seller must typically pay to treat the infestation, lower the moisture levels, or repair structural wood rot before the lender will agree to release your funds.
9. Get a Home Appraisal
Your lender will hire an independent, licensed appraiser to determine the fair market value of the property. Lenders will not loan you more money than the home is actually worth.
Once the appraiser evaluates the property and reviews recent comparable home sales (comps) in the neighborhood, they will issue a report.
- If the home appraises at or above the purchase price: Your loan moves forward smoothly.
- If the home appraises lower than the purchase price: You face an “appraisal gap.” You must either negotiate a lower price with the seller, pay the difference out of pocket (cash), submit an appraisal rebuttal with your lender, or walk away from the deal using your appraisal contingency.
10. Negotiate Closing Costs and Commission Concessions
Closing costs generally run between 2% and 5% of your total loan amount. These fees cover attorney services, recording fees, transfer taxes, origination fees, and prepaid items like homeowners’ insurance and property tax escrows.
Under 2026 real estate rules, you can negotiate for the seller to pay seller concessions. These concessions can be used to:
- Directly offset your lender and closing fees.
- Pay down your interest rate (rate buy-down).
- Cover the buyer-agent commission fee that you agreed to in Step 1.
Negotiating concessions is a powerful tool to preserve your liquid cash during the transaction, especially when down payments are at historic highs.
11. Satisfy and Remove Contract Contingencies
Most real estate contracts are bound by contingencies—such as financing, home sale, or appraisal clauses. These clauses protect you by allowing you to cancel the deal if certain conditions are not met.
As you complete your due diligence, inspections, and appraisal, your agent will help you formally remove these contingencies in writing.
- Warning: In South Carolina, missing these critical contract deadlines can result in the automatic waiver of your rights or the forfeiture of your earnest money deposit to the seller. Keep a detailed calendar of all contingency expiration dates.
12. Arrange and Secure Payments Safely
A few days before closing, your lender will send you a Closing Disclosure (CD) detailing the exact amount of cash you need to bring to the table. You will need to arrange for a wire transfer or a certified cashier’s check.
Crucial 2026 Security Warning: Wire fraud in real estate transactions is at an all-time high. Cybercriminals frequently spoof email addresses of real estate agents and closing attorneys to send fake wire instructions.
- Always call your South Carolina closing attorney’s office directly using a trusted, verified phone number (do not use phone numbers listed in a suspect email) to verbally confirm the routing and account numbers before sending any money.
13. Perform the Final Walkthrough and Close!
On the morning of closing, you and your agent will perform a final walkthrough of the home. This ensures that:
- The property is in clean, move-in-ready condition.
- No new damage has occurred since the home inspection.
- All agreed-upon repairs (from Steps 7 and 8) have been completed by licensed professionals.
- The seller has completely moved out and removed all trash.
With a successful walkthrough complete, you will head to your closing attorney’s office. You will sign the mortgage note, deed of trust, and closing disclosures. Once the attorney records your new deed with the county Register of Deeds and disburses the funds to the seller, you will officially be handed the keys to your new South Carolina home!
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Who pays the closing costs in South Carolina?
Typically, both the buyer and the seller pay closing costs, but their fees differ. The buyer pays for lender-related fees, title insurance, home inspections, and their portion of the attorney’s fee. The seller usually pays for deed preparation, transfer taxes (known as deed recording fees in SC), outstanding property taxes, and negotiated commissions or concessions.
How long does the closing process take in South Carolina?
On average, closing on a home in South Carolina takes between 30 and 45 days from the date the contract is signed. This timeline is largely dictated by the lender’s underwriting speed, the time required to complete the title search, and the scheduling of inspections and appraisals.
Can I close on a South Carolina home remotely?
Yes. South Carolina allows for “mail-away” closings, but because it is an attorney-mandated state, there are strict rules. You will need to sign the documents in the presence of a mobile notary and, in some cases, two witnesses. The physical documents must then be overnighted back to the closing attorney’s office for recording.
What is the “deed recording fee” in South Carolina?
South Carolina charges a state transfer tax (deed recording fee) on the transfer of real estate. Under S.C. Code Ann. § 12-24-10, the rate is $1.85 per $500 of the property’s valuation (or $3.70 per $1,000). This fee consists of a state portion of $1.30 and a county portion of $0.55, and is typically paid by the seller at closing, though it can be negotiated.
Glossary of South Carolina Real Estate Terms
- CL-100 (Wood Infestation Report): A state-specific document verifying that a property has been inspected for termites, wood-destroying beetles, moisture levels, and active wood decay, regulated by Clemson University’s Department of Pesticide Regulation under S.C. Code of Regulations § 27-1085.
- Due Diligence Period: A negotiated timeframe during which the buyer can conduct inspections, secure financing, and cancel the contract for any reason with minimal financial penalty.
- Earnest Money Deposit (EMD): A good-faith deposit made by the buyer to demonstrate commitment to the purchase, held in a secure trust account pursuant to S.C. Code Ann. § 40-57-135 until closing.
- Escrow: A legal arrangement where a neutral third party holds funds and documents until all conditions of the real estate contract are met.
- Register of Deeds (ROD): The county government office responsible for recording deeds, mortgages, and other real estate documents to make them matters of public record.
Title Insurance: An insurance policy protecting property owners and lenders against financial loss from title defects, liens, or encumbrances.