Estate Planning

AI Still Makes Things Up: Why Professionals Must Remain the Experts

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Artificial intelligence is a powerful tool, a great staring point to starting a project or an article for social media, but we must remember that it isn’t infallible.  We should still check to see if the information it provides is reliable.

A recent legal research experience reminded me that diligence and human judgment remain essential in the age of AI.

I recently used artificial intelligence to assist with legal research. I was working on a matter involving South Carolina property law and asked the AI to identify case law about the possibility of changing ownership from Tenants in Common to Joint Tenants with Rights of Survivorship, post death of the parties, if the deed, when signed, was signed with a misunderstanding as to type of ownership. The AI returned what looked like a legitimate and useful citation: Durham v. Blackard, 255 S.C. 202, 177 S.E.2d 601 (1970).

It even provided a case summary: (This portion is from my conversation with the chatbot)

I took out the parts where I ask it nicely to perform a function.  My wife likes to make fun of me for saying please and thank you to the AI.  I tell myself, politeness doesn’t cost anything, but in reality, when the AI takes over the world and comes for us, I know it’s going after the rude ones first.

“Facts: Parties sought reformation of a deed due to mutual mistake.

Holding: Reformation was allowed only upon clear and convincing evidence that the deed failed to reflect the parties’ true intent.”

Unfortunately, the case didn’t exist. There is a Durham v. Blackard, but it’s a 1993 decision involving fraudulent conveyance under the Statute of Elizabeth. It has nothing to do with mutual mistake at the time of signing the deed.

I brought up the fake case and the made-up content to the AI and it gave me another case.   Creekmore v. Redick, 246 S.C. 423, 143 S.E.2d 251 (1965). The summary it produced sounded plausible and relevant, claiming the case dealt with a mistaken property description and supported deed reformation.

But once again, I could not locate any such case in South Carolina’s reported decisions. The case was simply fabricated, citation, summary, and all. Here is the AI’s response when I once again informed it that it made up a case.

“Apologies for the earlier citation errors. Upon further review, I found that the case Creekmore v. Redick does not exist in South Carolina case law. I regret any confusion caused by these inaccuracies.”

This experience underscores a reality that many professionals are beginning to discover: AI can still make things up. It will confidently produce answers that look right, sound authoritative, and might even contain accurate legal principles, but unless you already know the area well, it can be nearly impossible to spot where the technology fabricates.

This is particularly dangerous in a field like law, where the foundation of our work is truth, precedent, and precision.

Artificial intelligence can be a useful starting point for organizing thoughts, identifying issues, or framing arguments, but be cautious about trusting it to finish the job. It is not a substitute for subject matter expertise.

As professionals, we cannot blindly accept what AI gives us. We must remain vigilant, verify sources, and apply our judgment. We are the subject matter experts, not IT.

Safeguarding Your Estate Plan: Why Protecting Your Will Is Just as Important as Creating It

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When it comes to safeguarding critical estate planning and real estate documents, strong security is not just advisable — it’s essential. These documents represent your wishes, your assets, and your legal authority. If they go missing or fall into the wrong hands, it could unravel years of careful planning.

The Case of the Disappearing Will: A Cautionary Tale

A few years back, a South Carolina family’s probate process turned into a nightmare. After both parents passed away, their adult children began gathering important papers at the family home. What most of the family didn’t realize was that one of the children had been intentionally disinherited in a valid will that their parents had executed years earlier.

Within days of the funeral, that disinherited child quietly gained access to the home. Somewhere in the shuffle, the original will disappeared. When it came time to probate the estate, no one could locate it. And under South Carolina law, without a will, the estate would be distributed according to the state’s intestacy statutes — meaning all children, including the one the parents intended to disinherit, would inherit an equal share.

Though a photocopy of the will was eventually found, the legal battle to have it accepted by the probate court was lengthy, stressful, and costly. Without clear evidence that the will existed at the time of death or proof of what happened to it, the court presumed it had been revoked. Years of thoughtful estate planning were nearly undone by one missing document.

Legal Risk of a Missing Will in South Carolina

South Carolina law takes the safekeeping of estate planning documents seriously. If a person dies and no original will can be produced, the law presumes the testator intended to revoke it, even if copies exist. To overcome that presumption, surviving family members must prove the existence and validity of the lost will, as well as the circumstances surrounding its disappearance. This process is complicated, expensive, and can tear families apart.

It’s a situation that’s avoidable — but only if proper precautions are taken.

Best Practices for Safekeeping Your Estate Documents

To prevent this type of issue, it’s critical to store your original will in a secure, reliable, and accessible location. Here are two recommended options:

Safe Deposit Box at a Bank

This is one of the most secure places to store estate documents. Upon your passing, access to the box is typically limited to people you give access to, by court order or with proper legal authority, making it difficult for anyone to remove or destroy your will without leaving a trace.

Additionally, banks often inventory the contents of a safe deposit box when items are added and after a person’s death, providing valuable evidence that your will existed at the time of death — an important factor if a copy ever needs to be probated.

Best Practices:

  • Name a co-lessee (such as your executor) who can access the box without delay.
  • Store only original documents and maintain electronic backups elsewhere.
  • Inform trusted individuals about the location of the box and what it contains.

Fireproof, Waterproof Home Safe

If a bank isn’t an option, a high-quality home safe is the next best choice.

Advantages:

  • Offers immediate access and full control over the contents.
  • Provides solid protection from natural disasters.

Best Practices:

  • Invest in a safe rated for high temperatures and submersion.
  • Keep it bolted down to prevent theft.
  • Limit access and inform your executor where the safe is located and how to open it.

What to Avoid

While some people consider leaving original estate documents with their attorney, this can create problems if the attorney retires, moves, or passes away. In those situations, accessing the documents may require a court order, especially if they’re stored in a law office’s work safe. For that reason, it’s typically better to keep your will in a place you control or can manage through a trusted financial institution.

The Importance of Protecting Real Estate Documents

Real estate documents are just as important as estate planning documents, especially when property is a major part of your estate.

Documents to protect include:

  • Property deeds
  • Title abstracts
  • Mortgage paperwork
  • Sale contracts or leases

Losing these documents can delay sales, cause ownership disputes, or result in the loss of valuable information.

Legal Requirements in South Carolina

Under S.C. Code §40-57-135(D)(1), brokers-in-charge must retain transaction records for at least five years. Property owners should also maintain these documents for future legal needs or transactions.

Electronic and Hybrid Storage Options

Cloud Storage

  • Provides remote access and backup.
  • Requires strong encryption and password protection.
  • Scanned copies may not be acceptable for original-will requirements.

Encrypted USB Drives

  • Hardware-encrypted drives offer portable, offline security.
  • Best stored in a fireproof safe or bank box.

Hybrid Approach

For maximum security and redundancy, combine all storage options:

  • Keep original wills and deeds in a bank safety deposit box if possible, or in a highly secured fireproof, waterproof home safe.
  • Copies on encrypted USB drives at home.
  • Scanned copies in secure cloud storage.

Legal Access and Compliance at the Time of Death

Under S.C. Code §34-19-50, spouses, adult children, or named executors can access a decedent’s safety deposit box under specific conditions to retrieve wills or burial deeds. Ensuring your designees know this can prevent unnecessary delays or confusion.

Final Thoughts

Your estate plan isn’t complete until you’ve made sure it’s protected. The story of a disinherited heir turning an entire estate plan upside down is a sobering reminder that what happens to your documents after you’re gone can be just as impactful as what they say.

Take the time now to secure your will, real estate records, and other legal documents in safe, well-considered locations. It’s a small effort that can prevent enormous stress, confusion, and conflict for your loved ones down the road.

How De Bruin Law Firm Can Help

At De Bruin Law Firm, we understand how important it is to protect your legacy through secure, compliant estate and real estate planning. Whether you need help drafting a will or choosing the best storage strategy for your documents, our team is here to guide you.

Call us today at (864) 982-5930 or message us online to schedule a consultation and ensure you have your estate planning and real estate plans and documents in order, and that you have a solid plan for securely storing your most important documents.

Estate Planning And Victims Of Asbestos Exposure

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There are many reasons why someone may want to devise their estate plan. Perhaps they are wanting to protect assets and ensure that those they love receive a piece of their legacy that can be passed down to future generations. Or they may have just been diagnosed with an illness and want to get their affairs in order. There are limitless factors that can contribute to someone becoming sick. For instance, someone who is diagnosed with an asbestos-related condition later in life because of working with asbestos material may be motivated to solidify their end of life wishes through establishing a legally-binding documentation, like an estate plan. 

The initial signs of asbestos exposure typically involve the lungs. This is because asbestos mainly causes lung-related disease, but it can cause illness in other areas of the body too, such as the stomach, throat, and colon. The most common signs of exposure to asbestos are chest pain, cough, and shortness of breath. Additionally, pleural plaques may be a sign that someone sustained enough exposure to be vulnerable to other diseases, which may have developed before a lung cancer or mesothelioma diagnosis. Other symptoms related to asbestos exposure include:

  • Crackling sound when breathing
  • Wheezing
  • Dry cough
  • Pleural plaques
  • Pleural effusion
  • Respiratory complications
  • Loss of appetite
  • Clubbed fingers
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Hoarseness
  • Hernia 
  • Bowel obstruction
  • Pelvic pain
  • Abdominal pain
  • Abdominal distention and swelling

It is estimated that 20% of people who have worked with asbestos are going to develop an asbestos-related illness. Those who have been heavily exposed receive an asbestos disease diagnosis at an even higher rate. There are many factors that can contribute to someone having an asbestos-related disease, such as how long they worked with the material and the concentration of the asbestos fibers inhaled. But most people who get sick from asbestos exposure had worked with it for their career. Employers have a duty to provide workers with sufficient protection so that they do not develop serious illness down the road. An employer may be liable through a personal injury lawsuit for how a former employee had suffered later in life due to asbestos exposure in the workplace.

As a D.C. asbestos lawyer at Cohen & Cohen, P.C. explains, if you or someone you care about was diagnosed with an asbestos caused mesothelioma or other condition, you may want to discuss your situation with a lawyer so that you don’t endure financial hardship in addition to dealing with the illness itself. Depending on the cause or your mesothelioma, you may be able to file a personal injury lawsuit. Regardless of the cause, an estate planning lawyer can help you to get your affairs in order so that you can have at least that peace of mind. 

If you have found yourself in an awful situation of dealing with an asbestos-related diagnosis, it may be scary to imagine a time when you are not here with loved ones, but having your affairs in order can provide some relief while you continue to take care of yourself. Having an estate plan in place can give you that peace of mind that victims of serious illness do not expect.

10 Common Estate Planning Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

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Every year more than 3.3 million people die in the United States. The death of a loved one can be an incredibly difficult time for their friends and family.

However, a lot of people are surprised by the amount of practical admin involved when a loved one dies. Making a plan for your estate before your death can help to ease this burden for your loved ones. It will also ensure that you can provide them with financial stability after your death.

That said, common estate planning mistakes can make things much more complicated for your loved ones after you die. So it is important to avoid these when creating an estate plan.

Not sure which mistakes to look out for? Then you’re in the right place. Read on to find out ten common estate planning mistakes and how to avoid them.

1. Forgetting to Make an Estate Plan

Only 33% of people in America have a comprehensive estate plan in place for when they die. So if you haven’t put your plan together yet, you’re in good company! Now is a good time to change this.

An estate plan lets you control what happens to your belongings after you die. This might include:

  • Leaving the family home to your spouse
  • Creating financial trusts for your children
  • Making charitable donations
  • Outlining who will be in charge of your business after you die

If you do not have an estate plan in place, this leaves room for a lot of legal disputes after your death. While family (and particularly spouses) usually take legal priority, others can dispute this. This could make life very hard and uncertain for the loved ones that you leave behind.

Fortunately, you can stop this from happening – even a basic estate plan is better than no plan at all. Your loved ones will be able to use this as evidence of your wishes. So make sure you get this down in writing and have it witnessed by a legal professional.

2. Not Updating Your Estate Plans Regularly

A lot of people make their first will when they take out life insurance, start making money, or have their first child. However, life can change a lot so it is important to update your will regularly.

For example, you may:

  • Have acquired different types of assets, such as a business or life insurance policy, that you need to account for in your will
  • Have got divorced and want to adjust the role of your ex in your will
  • Want to add or change beneficiaries
  • Decide to include contingent beneficiaries as you get older

Reviewing and updating your will ensures that it reflects your most recent wishes and covers all of your assets.

Loved ones, such as your children or spouse, are allowed to dispute an estate plan after your death. This is easier to do if your estate plan is very out-of-date. The person disputing your will could, for example, say that it doesn’t reflect your most recent wishes.

Updating your estate plan will make it harder for people to do this. This can make the administration of your estate much easier for your loved ones.

3. Not Giving Someone Power of Attorney

When making an estate plan, a lot of people focus on what will happen to their assets after they die. However, this means that they overlook other important things, such as giving someone power of attorney.

Power of attorney legally authorizes a person (or several people) to act on your behalf if you become incapacitated. For example, this may happen if you have an accident that leaves you in a coma or unable to communicate.

You can give someone power of attorney in two areas: financial decisions and health care decisions.

Without power of attorney, your loved ones may struggle to act on your behalf. They may also not legally be allowed to make decisions about your finances and healthcare.

Giving one or more people the power of attorney makes it easier for them to manage your estate. This also allows you to pick who you want to represent your interests if you are incapacitated.

4. Forgetting to Factor in Retirement Costs

Most people will make an estate plan while they are working but your financial situation can change a lot after retirement. Failing to factor in your retirement costs could leave your loved ones with a lot less financial support after your death.

Fortunately, it is easy to avoid this common estate planning mistake with some basic planning. You will need to look at:

  • Nursing home costs
  • The cost of at-home care
  • How much you need to spend before you qualify for Medicare funding

This will help you make informed decisions about your spending during retirement. It can also help you figure out how much you need to save to qualify for Medicare without bankrupting your spouse.

5. Signing Over the Deed to Your Home

Good estate planning can save your loved ones money on inheritance taxes.

However, one of the biggest mistakes people make is signing over the deed to their home before they die. This might involve signing your home over to your spouse or your children, for example.

This is a bad idea for multiple reasons. Firstly, it means that you no longer have legal control of your own home while you are still alive. So if the new owner wants to kick you out and sell it, there is nothing you can do!

Giving your child or spouse the title of your home is also seen as a taxable gift. This means that you won’t save them any money by putting their name on the deed.

Instead, you should speak to your estate planning lawyer about tax-free ways to pass on your assets.

6. Choosing the Wrong Person to Handle Your Estate

When making an estate plan you will have to choose estate plan beneficiaries. These are the people who will inherit your assets.

However, you also need to appoint someone to be the executor of your estate. They will oversee the probate process.

A lot of people choose their spouse or a close relative to be the executor of their estate. This can be a big responsibility for someone who is also grieving. They will have to handle complex financial, legal, and tax proceedings.

An experienced estate lawyer will be able to help you choose the right executor for your estate. So it is a good idea to discuss this with them while you are creating an estate plan.

7. Not Making Non-Taxable Gifts Before Your Death

If you have a lot of assets to pass on to your loved ones this can become very expensive for them. They will have to pay inheritance tax on the majority of your assets.

You can save them money by gifting certain assets before your death. For example, you make an estate tax-free gift of up to $15,000 per year to your spouse. This can significantly ease the burden of inheritance tax for your loved ones when you do die.

8. Forgetting to Transfer Your Insurance Policy to a Life Insurance Trust

Speaking of inheritance tax, you can save your loved ones money by putting certain assets into trusts and retirement plans. Your life insurance policy is a significant asset and will be included in your estate taxes after your death.

However, you can transfer this to a life insurance trust. This makes the proceeds of your policy tax-free as they are not directly owned by you.

The trust will then pay out your policy to your loved ones. So they will still see the financial benefits of your life insurance policy.

9. Thinking That You Do Not Need to Make an Estate Plan

If you don’t have a lot of money in the bank you might think an estate plan is unnecessary. However, an estate plan isn’t just about your finances.

You can also use this to:

  • Appoint someone to make medical decisions on your behalf
  • Give a business partner power of attorney while you are out of the country
  • Name a guardian for your children

So, if you want to have control of who makes decisions on your behalf, it is a good idea to create an estate plan sooner rather than later.

10. Creating an Estate Plan Without Expert Help

Estate planning isn’t as simple as drawing up a will and naming beneficiaries. Probate is a complex legal process and having a thorough plan in place will make this smoother for your loved ones.

Because of this, it is a good idea to speak to an estate planning lawyer about your assets. They will teach you about:

  • Strategies for reducing inheritance tax
  • Different state inheritance laws
  • Proposed changes in tax law that could affect your will

They will also ensure that your estate plan is strong enough to counter legal challenges. So even if you already have a do-it-yourself plan in place, it is a good idea to review this with an experienced estate lawyer.

Get Help Avoiding These Common Estate Planning Mistakes Today

As you can see, drawing up an estate plan isn’t as simple as making a will. How you distribute your assets will have a big impact on how much tax your loved ones have to pay. So the more detailed your estate plan is, the easier life will be for your loved ones after your death.

Do you feel ready to put together your estate plan and want help avoiding common estate planning mistakes? Then get in touch with De Bruin today. Our experts in estate planning will be happy to help.

A Step-by-Step Guide on How to Make a Living Will

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What Is a Living Will?

Living wills are quite different from the typical wills you might think of. They have nothing to do with bequeathing assets or property. In fact, a living will is a medical document also known as an advance directive.

An advance directive allows a person to put their end-of-life wishes regarding medical care into a legally binding document. The purpose of a living will is to make sure a person gets the treatment they desire in the event they become incapacitated and cannot communicate their wishes.

How Do Living Wills Work?

Advance directives are common in every state. Individuals can fill out a form detailing their wishes, or they can work with a lawyer to draft their living will. It is up to the person how much detail they provide in the document.

Some of the more common directives include palliative care and extraordinary measures.

Palliative care refers to measures taken to decrease pain and suffering. Extraordinary measures can refer to something like resuscitation. Some people elect palliative care but reject extraordinary measures.

By putting these directives in their living will, a person can rest assured the doctors will have to follow these orders.

For a living will to be valid, it has to meet certain state requirements. It will likely need to be notarized, and often living wills require having a witness present.

You can revoke a living will at any time. It is yours to change and do with what you see fit.

As soon as you sign your living will, it can take effect. Or it can go into effect once the person can no longer communicate their wishes. Either way, medical caregivers3 will rely on your personal communication with them for as long as you are coherent.

Do I Need a Living Will?

Thinking about the end of our lives is awful. Still, every adult can benefit from having a living will. A living will is especially important for those living with a terminal illness.

If you are about to undergo major surgery, it’s also a good idea to have a living will in place.

If you become incapacitated and there is no living will, your doctors will ask your nearest living relatives (spouse, children, siblings, parents) to make medical decisions for you.

That’s a lot to ask of your family members while coping with the possibility of losing you. It can also cause rifts to develop between family members who disagree about the appropriate course of action.

If you haven’t talked to your family about your end-of-life wishes, they are in a trickier position because they don’t know what you would want.

Additionally, there are some states in which family members do not have complete authority to make decisions on your behalf without a living will.

In that case, your family may need to get a court order for certain medical actions. It’s also not uncommon in that situation for doctors to decide which family member to listen to. It can all get very complicated very quickly.

What Are the Benefits of a Living Will?

Now that you understand some of the risks involved in not having a living will let’s talk about the many benefits. We’ve narrowed it down to seven benefits for the sake of expediency, but rest assured, there are more.

Establish Power of Attorney

A medical power of attorney is a legally binding document that gives the responsibility and power of decision-making to whomever you decide to trust with your end-of-life health care decisions.

If you become incapacitated or too ill to advocate for yourself, your power of attorney will advocate on your behalf. Sometimes this person is called a healthcare agent or a healthcare proxy.

It’s essential that you choose a power of attorney you trust with your life since they will literally have your life in their hands.

Prevent Family Disputes

The reality is that family members don’t always agree. When you make a living will, you eliminate the chance of your relatives disagreeing over what kind of care you should receive.

Reduce Burden on Surviving Family Members

When you specify your desires, it makes it a lot easier for your surviving family members to cope with what’s happening. Knowing that you are getting the exact treatment you want will give them reassurance.

Without a living will, every choice your family members face will add to their grief and suffering. Additionally, medical treatments like long-term care can be incredibly costly. Making decisions ahead of time can minimize your cost of care and save your family from a financial burden.

Know Your Outcomes

There is no way to predict when you might become ill or incapacitated. Accidents happen, and diseases turn up without warning sometimes. When you have a living will, you don’t have to wonder what will happen.

Authorize Treatments

Lots of medical procedures require prior authorization from the person receiving the treatment. A living will gives you the opportunity to authorize treatments in advance just in case something happens.

Refuse Treatments

A living will also gives you the freedom to refuse treatments you don’t want. For example, if you aren’t comfortable with the idea of being on life support, you can refuse it in your living will.

Peace of Mind

Overall, having a living will gives you peace of mind. You and your family will feel better knowing everything is taken care of, and you will get the treatment you want when the time comes.

How To Make a Living Will: Step By Step

If the idea of writing a living will still sounds overwhelming, you can relax. We’ve broken it down into seven relatively simple steps for you to follow.

Decide Whether To Hire a Lawyer

An estate planning attorney who knows the laws in your state can help you create a thorough advance directive that covers all the bases.

Estate lawyers understand the living will format and requirements. They’ll make sure to ask the questions you might not think of on your own.

It’s also perfectly fine to make a living will on your own. There are several resources out there, including the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, which has a downloadable state-specific form you can fill out.

Know Your State’s Laws

Whether you hire a lawyer or write your living will on your own, it is crucial that you follow the requirements in your state. For residents of South Carolina, it is important to be familiar with the state’s Death With Dignity Act.

In most states, you must be at least 18 years old to create a living will. You also need to be of sound mind. Some states require witnesses and notarization.

Decide What You Want

It is your choice what to include in your living will. You can decide what kinds of treatment to authorize and what to refuse.

Most living wills express desires related to life-prolonging care, food and water, and palliative care.

It’s not easy to decide what kind of care you’ll want at the end of your life. It can be difficult to make decisions without taking into consideration the wishes of your surviving loved ones because it affects them too.

For more ideas, take a look at this complete guide on what to include in your living will.

Revise Your Living Will As Needed

What you put in your living will can change. You may have a different perspective as you grow older. It’s perfectly fine to change your advance directive if you choose.

Share Your Living Will

It’s a good idea to share your living will with select people. Your family, doctor, and health care proxy are good places to start.

Make Copies

Make a few copies of your living will, just to be safe. You should give a copy to your doctor and one to your health care proxy. Then store the original in a safe, secure place where your family can access it as needed.

Writing a Living Will

Right now, writing a living will might feel uncomfortable to think about. In the long-term, you’ll be glad you learned how to make a living will and got it done before too late.

You and your loved ones can rest easy knowing the tough decisions are already made, and you will get exactly the care you desire. Contact De Bruin Law Firm today to schedule a free consultation to discuss your advance directive.

What Is Estate Planning?

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Did you know that only 33% of Americans have a will or living trust? In fact, since the beginning of the pandemic, the number of 18 to 34-year-olds with estate plans increased by 50%.

Whether you’re 18 or 80, everyone needs an estate plan. No matter how many assets your own, estate planning protects your loved ones and is a powerful way to create a legacy.

But what is estate planning exactly? Keep reading to learn more about how an estate planning attorney can help you make plans for the future.

What Is Estate Planning?

Estate planning is simply the process of making a clear plan for your assets. A will or trust is a plan for the management or transfer of your estate after your death or incapacitation. This ensures that your affairs are handled the way you want.

A will is a legal document that provides instructions around an individual’s property. This also includes making a plan for all of your assets including:

  • House, land, or cars
  • Bank or retirement accounts
  • Stocks or investments
  • Jewelry or furniture
  • Digital assets (online and email accounts)
  • Digital property (virtual currency, reward points, domain names)

Estate planning is not just about your finances and property. It also encompasses decisions around guardianship, custody of minor children, and medical actions if you become incapacitated and can’t make your own decisions.

If you die without a will, state laws of descent and distribution will determine who receives your property. In South Carolina, this means that your estate is subject to the state’s inheritance laws or intestate succession laws. While this usually means that your property will go to your closest living relatives, it can also be a time-consuming and expensive process for your eventual heirs.

All in all, a will ensures that whatever happens next your interests are protected.

Key Steps for Creating a Will

Everyone over the age of 18 should invest in creating a plan. From social media accounts to land, everyone owns assets. An estate plan guarantees that everyone knows your wishes.

Planning a will also include naming an executor, choosing beneficiaries, and setting up funeral arrangements. This also encompasses planning for potential estate taxes. A properly prepared estate plan will lay out your wishes, prevent misunderstanding, and ensure everything is done in the most tax-advantaged manner.

While a lot of steps go into the planning process, there are a number of key steps in the process including:

  1. Taking an inventory of everything you own
  2. Determining what type of estate plan you need
  3. Choosing a guardian for yourself, children, or pets
  4. Establishing directives like Durable Power of Attorney and executor
  5. Naming beneficiaries for assets that don’t already have them designated
  6. Partnering with a highly reviewed estate planning lawyer
  7. Creating, signing, and storing your plan
  8. Updating your estate planning documents as needed over time

While estate planning can feel overwhelming, it can also be a straightforward process when working with the right partner. Consulting an estate planning attorney at the beginning of your planning journey can save you a lot of time in the long term.

Estate Planning Documents and Taxes

There are a number of documents that make up an estate plan. Each item works together to create a clear plan for your final wishes.

Common planning documents include:

  • Guardianship
  • Will
  • Living Trusts
  • Financial Power of Attorney
  • Durable Power of Attorney
  • Advance Healthcare Directive
  • HIPPA Authorization
  • Intestate Succession Plan

Taxes also play a significant role in the estate planning process. The goal is to leave as much as you can for your heirs. The estate planning process includes tools to pass assets while avoiding hefty taxes.

South Carolina does not have an inheritance, estate, or gift tax. At the same time, there are other state and federal laws a lawyer can help you navigate. For example, federal laws do apply to gifts over $16,000 in a single calendar year.

Strategies that protect assets like AB trusts, estate freezing, education funding strategies, and charitable contributions can considerably reduce state and federal taxes.

Appointing the Right Executor

An executor of a will is the person legally named to take responsibility for your wishes. The executor legally administers an estate. This includes following instructions in will documents, ensuring assets are distributed, and estimating the value of the estate as determined by the Internal Revenue Code.

The executor is also responsible for paying debts and taxes.

An executor can either be a family member, lawyer, or accountant over the age of 18. They also must have no prior felonies. Working closely with an estate planning attorney can help you avoid intricacies around co-executors, disputes with heirs, and personal liability exposure.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

It can be easy to put off estate planning because it can seem complicated, costly, and confusing. Additionally, low-cost estate planning strategies can have long-term negative consequences for you and your loved ones.

Because a will captures your future plans, it’s essential to find the right partner. A cautious attorney will help you avoid future misunderstandings, delays, and inaccuracies.

Common mistakes to avoid include:

  • Not regularly updating a plan over time
  • Not planning for potential disability or long-term care
  • Not thinking through the full implication of taxes
  • Not having liquid assets that can be converted into cash
  • Not putting children’s names on deeds to property
  • Not making gifts during your lifetime

Find an Estate Planning Lawyer

If you’ve wondered “what is estate planning” in the last year, you are not alone. Americans across the country are investing in estate planning services because it’s the only legal tool to create a lasting legacy. Today is a great day to start thinking about how you can use a will to execute your future wishes.

If you are looking for a trusted local partner in Greenville, South Carolina, the De Bruin Law Firm is here to guide you throughout the estate planning process. We believe in delivering preeminent legal services based on sound and strategic legal counsel.

Contact us today to schedule a consultation and learn how we can put our years of local experience to work for you.

How Can an Estate Planning Lawyer Help You?

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As you get older, the importance of developing an estate plan increases dramatically. However, according to a recent survey, only 42% of Americans have a plan for their estate.

Looking ahead at end-of-life situations feels grim, but you need to have a plan for what you leave behind. Should you pass intestate, meaning without a will, the state will be in charge of distributing your assets.

This sort of planning involves a significant amount of legal paperwork, intimate knowledge of estate planning laws, and a sound strategy. For this, you need an estate planning lawyer to guide you through the complex process of preserving your legacy.

The Duties of an Estate Planning Lawyer

It should be obvious that estate planning lawyers are attorneys who specialize in estate planning. That means their chief responsibility is assisting you in your end-of-life preparations. They ensure that your loved ones receive the benefits you’ve decided to pass along.

Start your estate planning with an attorney as soon as you’re able. Your estate plan needs to account for so much more than the money you’re leaving to loved ones. It may include designating guardianship, determining what to do with a business you own, and making determinations on financial assets like stocks.

You need the help of an attorney to guide you through the plan-making process.

Develop a Will

Writing a will is a critical aspect of estate planning. While you can write one on your own, enlisting the help of a qualified estate planning attorney will make the process much easier.

An attorney builds a will that uses specific language, can help the will stand up to contestation, and ensures that your assets are distributed in the way that you desire.

Will writing can be complex, and it’s easy to make mistakes. Unfortunately, a minor oversight could put your entire estate in jeopardy.

Establish a Trust

While wills typically go into effect in the event of your passing, a trust can go into effect immediately. Another key difference is that a will must go through the probate process and become public record, while a trust remains private.

Your lawyer may determine that establishing a trust is a more appropriate measure.

With a trust, you’ll name a trustee who will be responsible for distributing the assets named in the trust according to its outlined terms.

Assistance with Taxes

Inheritance and estate taxes can quickly drain any funds you pass along to your family members. This may leave them without the financial support you planned to provide for them.

An estate planning lawyer will work with you and your loved ones to navigate these complicated tax laws and help you minimize the tax liabilities associated with estate planning.

Powers of Attorney

Should you become incapacitated and unable to make decisions on your own, a lawyer can help establish powers of attorney so a loved one can act on your behalf. This is especially important if you’re someone’s primary caregiver, as you need to ensure that they’re provided for.

Situations When You Need an Estate Planning Attorney

In addition to their most common duties, an estate planning lawyer can aid you and your family members in a number of complex situations.

Updating Your Plan

Family dynamics are ever-changing, so you may deem it necessary to make changes to your end-of-life plan. Fortunately, a lawyer makes the process simple.

You may want to leave assets to a specific family member, add a new beneficiary like a grandchild or step-child, or exclude someone from your will.

Some members of your family may prove themselves too irresponsible to manage their inheritance. You may also need help navigating laws that prohibit non-immediate family members from receiving benefits.

Interstate or International Assets

Dealing with your state’s estate laws is complicated enough, but the process becomes even more difficult if you have assets in another state or another country. You’ll have to abide by the laws in those states and countries as well as the ones where you currently reside.

Without professional legal help in this situation, it’s almost impossible to ensure that your assets are protected and distributed in the manner you desire.

Succession for Your Business

If you’re an entrepreneur and own a small business or a stake in one, you need to ensure that your business doesn’t fall into the wrong hands when you pass. An attorney will help you determine your business’s succession plan and ensure that an appropriate individual takes the reins.

Protecting Your Will

Since wills go through the probate process, certain situations allow interested parties to contest the validity of your will. The responsibility of defending the will then falls to your named executor.

An experienced attorney can help ensure that your will is able to stand up to contestation. They can include a powerful no-contest clause that renders anyone who contests a will unable to receive benefits.

Establishing an Irrevocable Trust

While many estate plans allow you to modify them, an irrevocable trust cannot be changed. Due to the permanence of such a trust, it’s advised you consult with an attorney.

Irrevocable trusts have a few unique advantages and can certainly benefit your loved ones. They may help someone who depends on you for primary care retain their medical benefits, help a beneficiary who needs financial aid minimize costly estate taxes, and can protect your assets from debtors who come to collect from your estate.

An Estate Planning Lawyer Keeps Your Assets in Order

Planning your estate is a difficult thing to do, and it’s advised you start the process early. Consult with an estate planning lawyer so your beneficiaries don’t have to worry about what happens to your assets after your passing.

The best estate planning lawyers will help you develop a plan for your financial assets. They’ll determine if you need a will or trust. Finally, they can help you through all of the complex legal situations surrounding estate law.

Looking to hire a lawyer to help with your estate planning? The De Bruin Law Firm is ready to help. Schedule a consultation today.

The Complete Guide on What to Include in a Will

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No matter the size of your estate, it’s important to have a will. More often than not, there are things that every one of us would like to ensure get taken care of in our absence. Whether it’s children, pets, property, or money, ensuring that everything has a place is going to make it easier on your loved ones once you’re gone.

But what’s included? Where can you turn for help when it’s needed? Are there guidelines you can follow?

We’re here to help. Read on to learn what to include in a will.

Personal Assets

When it comes to wills, personal assets are defined as anything you own that isn’t considered “real property.” This can be anything from a car to clothing, or jewelry, furniture, or cash.

When you’re creating your will, you have to make sure your personal assets are specific. If they’re not, you leave space for your executor to be confused and have trouble determining your wishes.

This leads to the next thing you should have in your will.

Executor

An executor is a person you assign to carry out your last will and testament. This person is going to be responsible for paying off debts or taxes you may owe and then divvying up your estate.

The better the state your affairs are left in, the easier it’s going to be for your executor to carry out your wishes.

Real Property

The next thing that should be included in your will is real property. Real property is anything that falls under land, homes, physical buildings, and even mineral interests.

It’s a bit more complicated to divvy these assets out, but it’s still possible. Hiring a lawyer can be helpful in these cases.

Guardianship

After property, the next thing to consider is guardianship. If you have children or pets, they’re typically going to go to your spouse or next of kin unless you specify otherwise.

If you find that your spouse or next of kin wouldn’t be up for the task, it’s best to send them to someone who could better care for them in your absence. You want to make sure the person you’re choosing for this task knows ahead of time and has given you their approval before making the decision.

Whether or not the pet or child has expensive needs, you can leave money behind to care for them.

If you’re hesitant about letting someone know they’d be the one caring for your pet, it’s important to think about the fact that they might give them up if they think they can’t handle it. As for your child, you want to make sure they’re left with the proper care they would need.

Cancel Any Debts Others Owe You

If you’d like the debts that others owe you to be considered water under the bridge, then you’re going to have to state that in your will. It’s easy to think that your death would rid anyone of these debts, but that isn’t always the case.

In most cases, that debt is simply going to be passed to those who inherited your estate.

Instructions on How to Manage Property

One other thing to include in your will is instructions on how to care for any of your property. This may be particularly helpful to anyone you’re leaving property to.

If there are specific companies that can or do care for your home, then leaving a list of those could prove helpful. Think cleaning services, landscapers, pool cleaners, pest inspectors, and other things of that nature.

If you have plants or other living things, then it could be smart to include how often you water them, what type of fertilizer you use, and how often, or other specific care you perform for the plant.

You can also specify you want your assets sold, and then how you’d like the proceeds distributed.

Things to Not Place on Your Will

While there are plenty of things that are smart to include in your will, there are also things that don’t belong there.

Property in a living trust is one of these things. If you have a living will set up, then the property is going to automatically go to the beneficiary you’ve designated in your living trust and is managed by the state.

Life insurance proceeds fall under the same rule. Those are automatically going to fall to either the beneficiary, your partner, or your minor children. Retirement plan proceeds, like money from a pension, IRA, or 401(K) also should not be included in your will as they contain a section for you to set a beneficiary.

Plans For Your Funeral

More often than not, the settling of your estate won’t happen until after the funeral, so, likely, nobody will even notice that you’ve included your funeral wishes until after the fact.

Instead of leaving any wishes in your will, simply talk to your loved ones about what you’d like. You can also create a separate document outlining any wishes for your funeral. You can give this document to the executor of your estate.

You Know What to Include in a Will… Now What?

Now that you know what to include in a will, it’s time to take the next steps in preparing yours. If the process is confusing for you, or you have a complicated estate, it may be best to turn to a professional for help.

When you hire a lawyer to guide you through the process, you ensure that everything is taken care of and that nothing is done improperly.

De Bruin Law Firm can help with your estate planning. Contact us to get started today.

Living Will vs. Living Trust: What’s the Difference?

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Are you in South Carolina, wondering how to plan your estate?

You’ve probably at least thought about writing a traditional will or perhaps a living trust. Have you also considered writing a living will?

You may be unsure what a living will is, and that might be why so few US citizens have one. Only 25% of Americans create a living will. Without this important document, your loved ones may face heart-wrenching dilemmas at the worst possible time.

We’re going to explain what a living will is, its function, and how it differs from similar documents you might have heard of. Read on!

What Is a Living Will?

A living will is a legal document that’s also sometimes referred to as an “advance health care directive” or “advance directive.” We’ll cover the subtle differences later.

The living will is a document of your directions concerning medical decisions. These directions represent your intended actions that medical staff should follow. Simply put, it’s a blueprint for medical staff or other care providers during life-or-death scenarios.

Your living will is only in effect when you face a serious health crisis and will be unable to effectively guide treatment yourself. This could mean you are permanently unconscious, suffering a terminal illness, receive a serious mortal injury, or experience advanced dementia.

These decisions are of particular importance when it comes to life-prolonging treatments or procedures. The living will is designed to deal with situations where death is imminent unless there is medical intervention.

Also, it may record your preferences regarding how medical staff will manage your pain.

The Function of a Living Will

A living will can lift weighty-decisions off of the shoulders of your family and/or your care team.

This document makes your decisions a legal requirement because these choices can be hard for family or friends to make. This is sometimes still true, even when your wishes are already known to them.

It can prevent any fear, regret, or guilt from manifesting. Confusing thoughts and feelings like these might otherwise stem from uncertainty. This might compound with grief after your death, resulting in greater emotional pain.

This document removes the ambiguity that could lead to conflict over which course of action to take.

You shouldn’t delay writing a living will until your senior years. A medical emergency, or any other tragedy, could strike at a moment’s notice. If you’re 18 or older and not cognitively-impaired, you should consider creating one now.

Remember that a living will is only enacted if you lose your ability to indicate your choices. A medical and legal determination of this fact may be necessary, based on the criteria set out by federal and state laws. Your medical staff needs to be convinced that you cannot understand or communicate your decisions, even through non-verbal means.

Under these circumstances, a nominated person can make choices for you, other than those regarding life support.

Last Wills and Advanced Directives

Writing a will, otherwise known as a “last will” (and testament), indicates your wishes regarding actions taken after you die. These decisions are made regarding assets (including possessions and property), debts, and guardianship of any legal dependents.

By contrast, a living will is only able to dictate your wishes regarding health care decisions or those who will make those decisions for you during your lifetime. A living will is also referred to by other names, depending on the state you live in. Alternative names include “personal directive” and “directive to physician.”

The term “advanced medical directive” or simply “advanced directive” is sometimes used in place of “living will.” A living will comes under the category of advanced directive. An advanced directive may contain extra documents, such as a “do not resuscitate” order (DNR).

A DNR requires a medical consultation and for documents to be signed by a doctor. These documents concern efforts to reestablish your breathing or cardiac activity in the event of a medical emergency.

A living will only dictates resuscitation under specific scenarios. CPR (restarting the heart with electrical stimulation) carries a risk for some seniors, so this sometimes motivates a DNR order. An advanced directive may also contain a medical power of attorney, which dictates who will become your trusted healthcare agent when incapacitated.

Living Trust or Living Will?

A “revocable living trust,” or simply “living trust” is like a last will. Writing a trust regards decisions relating to the distribution of assets after death.

The word “revocable” is there because revisions can be made during your lifetime since the document is not in effect until after death.

Within the document, an individual trustee is appointed to oversee the division of assets. A co-grantor or co-trustees are also appointed, to fund and manage the living trust together. The reason for two is in case of incapacitation.

A living trust is used by individuals with complex estates, to avoid probate.

A last will becomes public property after death, but a living trust does not. A living trust allows assets to be redistributed more quickly and with less expense.

The focus of a living will helps to clarify:

  • Surgeries or procedures you opt to forgo
  • Your decisions for various life-extension scenarios
  • Your choices regarding any active health conditions
  • Whether you would opt for kidney dialysis
  • Any end-of-life/palliative decisions
  • Pain management considerations
  • Use of artificial hydration
  • Whether to perform tests or blood transfusions
  • Your wishes regarding the use of drugs
  • Instructions about supported breathing
  • If an intravenous feeding tube should be used

Your living will might also dictate your choice of a natural death versus extending your life or prolonging the dying process. It might also specify whether you stay in the hospital or receive comfort care in a home environment.

Importantly, this document supersedes the medical decisions that would otherwise be made, due to legal requirements. Having an attorney create a living will is an important part of your estate planning.

Write Your Living Will

We’ve shown that a living will is a vital document that can relieve the burden of difficult decisions from family and friends. Don’t let your loved ones struggle with carrying out your wishes when you can’t communicate them.

If you’re in South Carolina and need to plan your estate, we can help. We are a full-service law firm that specializes in last wills, trusts, living wills, and power of attorney. We proudly serve Greenville, SC, and the surrounding upstate area.

Contact us today to schedule a consultation.

Your Essential Estate Planning Checklist

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Estate planning is a process that many people often find stressful. This is true even for those who have dealt with this type of situation before.

We’ve put together a short estate planning checklist to help streamline your obligations. Let’s explore everything you should know.

A Comprehensive Will or Trust

As you may guess, one of your primary estate planning responsibilities is to develop a comprehensive will or trust. This is true even for those who do not have a substantial number of assets to distribute.

Without these documents in place, it can be notoriously difficult to ensure that the appropriate parties receive what they are entitled to. It’s not uncommon for the absence of a will or trust to result in legal complications for other individuals down the line.

Additionally, the wording of these documents is highly important. Individuals should be clearly defined, and there should be no question about what party is entitled to specific assets.

Wills that have ambiguous language can often lead to feuds over entitlement, legal battles, etc.

Power of Attorney

For those unfamiliar with this term, power of attorney refers to allowing a specific individual to act on your behalf.

To elaborate, it’s crucial to establish a strong power of attorney during your estate planning so that your assets are properly allocated. Otherwise, a court may be in charge of deciding how your assets or property are distributed.

More often than not, their decision will not align with your original intentions.

Power of attorney comes into play during scenarios where you are no longer fit to make decisions for yourself, such as if you are mentally incompetent or deceased. It’s highly recommended to choose someone who has your best interest in mind.

Designated Beneficiaries

As previously mentioned, you need to clearly designate what individuals are going to receive certain possessions or property. But, there’s an interesting component of estate planning that many people tend to overlook.

Certain types of possessions can be claimed by your heirs without being formally designated within your will or trust. For example, 401(k) plan assets fall into this category.

Declaring the beneficiary will ensure that this individual can handle your wishes appropriately. When choosing a beneficiary, it’s also worth considering their overall health.

If the individual that you designate is mentally incompetent or deceased, the court could take over instead. Additionally, the beneficiary that you name should be over the age of 21 in order to prevent complications from arising in the future.

Healthcare Power of Attorney (HPCA)

As the name suggests, a healthcare power of attorney allows another individual to make health-related decisions on your behalf.

This often comes into play when someone suffers from a debilitating mental condition, gets into an accident, etc. At this point, the HPCA (which is often a family member or spouse) can make decisions for the affected individual.

It’s best to choose someone you trust who has views that align with your own. Because this role is so important, you also need to designate a backup agent.

This individual will take over in the event that your designated HPCA is unable to act. Typically, a backup agent is someone who is not associated with the original HPCA.

A Letter of Intent

This document is as straightforward as it sounds — it declares exactly how your beneficiary should handle your assets. Common details include funeral arrangement requests or how to act during specific scenarios (such as giving money to a nephew after they graduate college).

In the event that your will is deemed invalid, a letter of intent could help the court gain insight into your original intentions. This is something essential to keep in mind, as your plans may otherwise fall through entirely.

Designated Guardians

For those who have children or are plan on having kids one day, it’s imperative that you clearly define designated guardians while planning your estate. Unfortunately, this obligation is often overlooked due to being preoccupied with the distribution of property or finances.

Additionally, individuals with children often do not foresee themselves becoming deceased or mentally incompetent before their children are grown.

The guardian you declare should be both mentally competent and enthusiastic about caring for your children. Additionally, they should be financially sound and capable of providing your children with a safe environment that is conducive to their development.

As you might expect, you should also name additional individuals as backups. Without these precautions in place, a court may rule that your children should be placed under the care of a family member you don’t trust.

In some circumstances, a court may even rule that your children are to be deemed wards of the state.

Create a List of Outstanding Debts

For those who are unaware, it’s possible that certain debts can pass to the beneficiary of your will. In some cases, the amount of debt that this individual experiences will outweigh the total value of the assets they receive.

To elaborate, let’s assume that the combined value of the assets someone inherits is worth $50,000. But, they also become responsible for $250,000 in secured loan debt.

To help navigate this situation, it’s highly recommended to get in touch with a professional and inform them about your concerns.

This Estate Planning Checklist Can Be Game-Changing

It’s essential that you keep it in mind. From here, you can use the above estate planning checklist to ensure that the process goes as smoothly as possible.

Want to learn more about what we have to offer? Feel free to reach out to us today and see how we can help.

The De Bruin Law firm offers a wide range of legal services to clients in Greenville, SC and the surrounding upstate. Our experienced attorneys can help you with legal matters in the areas of business law, criminal law, estate planning, and real estate law.

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